Who needs routine pap smears?
Women aged 21 years of age and older are indicated for pap smear regardless of sexual activity. If your pap smear is normal, you do not need your pap smear repeated for 3 years but may choose to do so. Insurance typically covers annual pap smears with the exception of medicare which only covers pap smears every two years. Women still need annual pelvic exams even if a pap smear is not collected.
The pap smear detects cervical cancer or cervical dysplasia (pre-cancerous cells). Abnormal pap smears are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. A less common cervical cancer can develop that is not caused by HPV. Pap smears do not identify uterine or ovarian cancers.
If you test positive for HPV or have an abnormal pap smear, colposcopy will likely be recommended. This is a prolonged pap smear where your cervix is painted with vinegar (acetic acid) and looked at through the microscope. If any areas appear questionable, a biopsy will be taken. The biopsy will cause some uterine cramping. You will be advised not to have intercourse or use tampons for one week after colposcopy if a biopsy is taken.
If you wish for sexually transmitted infection screening, you should advise your provider of this as a routine pap smear only tests for abnormal cervical cells
How Can I Fight HPV naturally?
Indole – 3 – carbinol
· Antioxidant which helps to fight HPV
· Available as a supplement (The Vitamin Shoppe, Piping Rock Health Products, Pappilex)
· Stay on supplement for one year after diagnosis of positive human papilloma virus
· If you prefer, you may also increase daily intake of cruciferous veggie
What are some examples of cruciferous veggies?
Arugula, Bok choy, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Collard greens, Kale, Radishes, Rutabaga, Turnips, Watercress, Wasabi
Why does someone need an endometrial biopsy?
An endometrial biopsy is a sample of the endometrial lining. The endometrial lining is inside the uterus and what grows monthly and sheds when you have your menstrual cycle. Women who are 35 years of age and older with heavy or frequent menstruation may need endometrial biopsy. This decision is usually coupled with a transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate for the thickness of your endometrial lining as well as the possibilities of structural abnormalities such as uterine fibroids or endometrial polyps.
Women who are post-menopausal and have post-menopausal vaginal bleeding warrant endometrial biopsy. This decision is usually coupled with a transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate for the thickness of your endometrial lining. If your endometrial lining is found to be greater than 4 mm in the postmenopausal years, a biopsy is warranted to rule out endometrial cancer.
A third indication for endometrial biopsy is a pap smear which demonstrates endometrial cells in a patient who is post-menopausal. To better evaluate the uterus with the cervix, an endometrial biopsy will be collected in these patients.
How can I be screened for ovarian cancer?
There is no universally accepted screening for ovarian cancer. Symptoms of ovarian cancer include abdominal bloating, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, abdominal pain, changes in urinary patterns such as having to go more frequently. If you experience any of these symptoms, let your provider know at your visit. A transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the appearance of your ovaries and tumor markers in your blood can be tested.
How often do I need a mammogram?
Screening mammography is recommended every year after the age of 40 years. A mammogram is to screen for breast cancer. If you find a lump in your breast prior to the age of 40, schedule an appointment with your provider for an exam and a breast ultrasound will likely also be ordered for you.